| Developer(s) | Netscape Communications AOL |
|---|---|
| Initial release | 15 December 1994 |
| Stable release | 9.0.0.6 / February 20, 2008 |
| Development status | Unmaintained as of March 1, 2008 |
| Written in | C++ |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | Web browser |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | archive.netscape.com |
Netscape was the general name for a series of web browsers originally produced by Netscape Communications Corporation, now a subsidiary of AOL. The original browser was once the dominant browser in terms of usage share, but as a result of the first browser war it lost virtually all of its share to Internet Explorer.
Netscape was discontinued and support for all Netscape browsers and client products was terminated on March 1, 2008.[1][2]
Contents |
Netscape Navigator was the name of Netscape's web browser from versions 1.0 through 4.8. The first beta release versions of the browser were released in 1994 and known as Mosaic and then Mosaic Netscape until a legal challenge from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (makers of NCSA Mosaic, which many of Netscape's founders used to develop), led to the name change to Netscape Navigator. The company's name also changed from Mosaic Communications Corporation to Netscape Communications Corporation.
The browser was easily the most advanced available and was therefore an instant success, becoming market leader while still in beta. Netscape's feature-count and market share continued to grow rapidly after version 1.0 was released. Version 2.0 added a full mail reader called Netscape Mail, thus transforming Netscape from a mere web browser to an Internet suite. During this period, both the browser and the suite were known as Netscape Navigator. Around the same time, AOL started bundling their software with Microsoft's Internet Explorer.
Version 3.0 of Netscape (the first beta was codenamed "Atlas") was the first to face any serious competition in the form of Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0. Netscape, however, easily held off Microsoft's challenge and remained the number one browser for the time being. Version 3.0 was also available in a "Gold" version which featured a WYSIWYG HTML editor (later added to Netscape Communicator as a standard feature). Netscape 3.0 introduced many new features such as new plug-ins, background colors for tables, the archive attribute and the applet element. Netscape Navigator 3 was a huge success and the undisputed web browser giant in its time with over 90% share, but was later eroded by the free Internet Explorer included with Windows 98. The highest version in this line was 3.04.
Netscape 4 addressed the problem of Netscape Navigator being used as both the name of the suite and the browser contained within it by renaming the suite to Netscape Communicator.
After releasing five preview releases from 1996–1997, Netscape Corp. released the final version of Netscape Communicator in June 1997. This new version, more or less based on Netscape Navigator 3 Code, updated and added new features (such as support of certain CSS1 elements, minimal dynamic font support and the proprietary object element). The new suite was successful, despite increasing competition from Internet Explorer 4.0 and problems with the outdated browser core. The Communicator suite was made up of Netscape Navigator, Netscape Mail and Newsgroups, Netscape Address Book and Netscape Composer (an HTML editor, which later became Mozilla Composer and eventually was split off into a completely separate product, Nvu). In October 1998 version 4.5 of Netscape Communicator was released. This new version featured various functionality improvements, especially in the Mail/News component, but did not update the browser core (which, in its functionality, was basically identical with version 4.08). Only one month later, Netscape Communications Corporation was bought by AOL. A standalone version of Netscape Navigator was still available, but this was discontinued after version 4.08 for Windows. However, standalone versions for other operating systems such as Unix/Linux were maintained up to version 4.8.
In January 1998, Netscape Communications Corporation announced that all future versions of their software would be free of charge and developed by an Open Source Community (Mozilla). Netscape Communicator 5.0 was announced (codenamed "Gromit"). But there were significant delays to the release of Netscape's next major version and Communicator therefore aged badly over the many years it was still used. As a result of this, and a more advanced support of HTML 4, CSS, DOM, and ECMAScript by Internet Explorer starting with version 4, the more up-to-date Internet Explorer 5.0 became the market leader. In November 1998 work on Netscape 5.0 was cancelled in favor of developing a completely new program from scratch.
Netscape 5.0 (codenamed "Gromit"[3]) was a continuation of the 4.x code, but only two pre-alpha versions were written, one based on original Communicator code and another focused on Gecko. [4] It featured a layout engine called Mariner. Mariner was designed to provide stability and performance enhancements. However, Netscape chose to form the Mozilla Foundation and develop the Mozilla Application Suite based on a new engine. Mozilla eventually became Netscape 6.
In 1998, an informal group called the Mozilla Organization was formed and largely funded by Netscape (the vast majority of programmers working on the code were paid by Netscape) to co-ordinate the development of Netscape 5 (codenamed "Gromit"), which would be based on the Communicator source code. However, the aging Communicator code proved difficult to work with and the decision was made to scrap Netscape 5 and re-write the source code. The re-written source code was in the form of the Mozilla web browser, which, with a few additions, Netscape 6 was based on.
This decision meant that Netscape's next major version was severely delayed. In the meantime, Netscape was taken over by AOL who, acting under pressure from the Web Standards Project, forced its new division to release Netscape 6.0 in 2000. The suite again consisted of Netscape Navigator and the other Communicator components, with the addition of a built-in AOL Instant Messenger client, Netscape Instant Messenger. However, it was clear that Netscape 6 was not yet ready for release and it flopped badly. It was based on Mozilla 0.6, which was not ready to be used by the general public yet due to many serious bugs that would cause it to crash often or render web pages slowly.
Later versions of Netscape 6 were much improved (6.2.x was regarded as an especially good release), but the browser still struggled to make an impact on a disappointed community.
Netscape 7.0 (codenamed "Mach Five" and based on Mozilla 1.0.1) was released in August 2002 was a direct continuation of Netscape 6 with very similar components. It picked up a few users, but was still very much a minority browser, one of the problems being that Mozilla itself was a worthy adversary. In addition, AOL had decided to deactivate Mozilla's popup-blocker functionality in Netscape 7.0, which created an outrage in the community. AOL learned the lesson for Netscape 7.01 and allowed Netscape to reinstate the popup-blocker. Netscape also introduced a new AOL-free-version (without the usual AOL addons) of the browser suite. Netscape 7.1 (codenamed "Buffy" and based on Mozilla 1.4) was released in June 2003.
In 2003, AOL closed down its Netscape division and laid-off or re-assigned all of Netscape's employees. Mozilla.org continued, however, as the independent Mozilla Foundation, taking on many of Netscape's ex-employees. AOL continued to develop Netscape in-house, but, due to there being no staff committed to it, improvements were minimal.
One year later, in August 2004, the last version based on Mozilla was released: Netscape 7.2, based on Mozilla 1.7.2.
Between 2005 and 2007, Netscape's releases became known as Netscape Browser. AOL chose to base Netscape Browser on the relatively successful Mozilla Firefox, a re-written version of Mozilla produced by the Mozilla Foundation. This release is not a full Internet suite as before, but is solely a web browser. Other controversial decisions include these versions being made only Gecko rendering engine of previous releases and the Trident engine used in Internet Explorer.
AOL's acquisition of Netscape years ago made it less of a surprise when the company laid off the Netscape team and outsourced development to Mercurial Communications.
Netscape Browser 8.1.3 was released on April 2, 2007, and included general bug fixes identified in versions 8.0–8.1.2[5][6]
Netscape confirmed on 23 January 2007 that Netscape Browser versions 8.0-8.1.2 was to be succeeded by a new stand-alone browser release, Netscape Navigator 9. Its features were said to include newsfeed support and become more integrated with the Propeller Internet portal,[7] alongside more enhanced methods of discussion, submission and voting on web pages.[8] It also sees the browser return to multi-platform support across Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.[9] Like Netscape version 8.x, the new release was based upon the popular Mozilla Firefox (version 2.0), and had full support of all Firefox add-ons and plugins, some of which Netscape provided.[10] Also for the first time since 2004, the browser was produced in-house with its own programming staff.[11]
A beta of the program was first released on 5 June 2007.[12] The final version was released on October 15, 2007.
On December 28, 2007, Netscape developers announced that AOL would discontinue their web browser on February 1, 2008, due to low market share.[13] On January 28, 2008, Netscape revised this date to March 1, 2008, and offered support for migration to Flock and Mozilla Firefox.[14]
| Operating system | Latest version | |
|---|---|---|
| Mac OS | v9.x-10.0 | 7.0.2 |
| v10.1 | 7.2 | |
| v10.2-10.5 | 9.0.0.6 | |
| Microsoft Windows | 3.1 | 4.08 |
| 95 | 6.2.3 | |
| 98 | 7.2 | |
| 98SE-Vista | 9.0.0.6 | |
| Key: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internal Build | Old final version | Final version | Pre-release version | |
| Browser Name | Series | Version | Based on | Release date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mosaic Netscape |
|
0.4 | Netscape | September 9, 1994 | First public beta release |
| 0.5 | Netscape | September 18, 1994 | |||
| 0.6 | Netscape | September 26, 1994 | |||
| 0.7 | Netscape | October, 1994 | |||
| 0.8 | Netscape | October, 1994 | |||
| 0.9 | Netscape | October 13, 1994 | |||
| 0.91 | Netscape | October, 1994 | |||
| 0.92 | Netscape | October, 1994 | |||
| 0.93 | Netscape | November, 1994 | |||
| Netscape Navigator | 0.94 | Netscape | November 21, 1994 | ||
| 0.96 | Netscape | December 7, 1994 | |||
|
|
|||||
| 1.0 | Netscape | December 15, 1994 | First non-beta release | ||
| 1.1 | Netscape | March 1995 | |||
| 1.22 | Netscape | August 1995 | |||
|
|
2.0 | Netscape | September 18, 1995 | Including JavaScript support, Java support, plug-ins, integrated Messenger / Collabra, Auto-dither, Live3D. Support for font color, div, wrap and textarea tags. Superscript / subscript, Animated GIF | |
| 2.01 | Netscape | March 18, 1996 | |||
| 2.02 | Netscape | ||||
|
|
3.0 | Netscape | August 19, 1996 | Added support for LiveAudio, LiveVideo, QuickTime, POP3, HTML 3.2 and extra tags. | |
| 3.01 | Netscape | ||||
| 3.02 | Netscape | ||||
| 3.03 | Netscape | July 31, 1997 | |||
| 3.04 | Netscape | October 4, 1997 | |||
| Netscape Navigator / Communicator |
|
4.0 | Netscape | June 11, 1997 | Suite version marketed as Netscape Communicator included Navigator, Messenger, Composer, Collabra, Netcaster, and Conference. |
| 4.01 | Netscape | June 18, 1997 | |||
| 4.01a | Netscape | July 19, 1997 | |||
| 4.02 | Netscape | August 18, 1997 | |||
| 4.03 | Netscape | September 14, 1997 | |||
| 4.04 | Netscape | November 14, 1997 | |||
| 4.05 | Netscape | April 2, 1998 | |||
| 4.06 | Netscape | August 17, 1998 | Added Macromedia Flash plug-in, "Smart Browsing" and NetWatch. | ||
| 4.07 | Netscape | October 5, 1998 | |||
| 4.08 | Netscape | November 9, 1998 | last release for 16-bit Windows and 68k Macs | ||
| Netscape Communicator | 4.5 | Netscape | October 19, 1998 | Added integrated / Internet messaging, enhanced SmartBrowsing | |
| 4.51 | Netscape | March 8, 1999 | |||
| 4.6 | Netscape | May 18, 1999 | Added AIM, RealPlayer G2, NetHelp | ||
| 4.61 | Netscape | June 14, 1999 | |||
| 4.7 | Netscape | September 30, 1999 | Added Netscape Radio, Shop@Netscape, AIM 3.0, Winamp and PalmPilot. | ||
| 4.72 | Netscape | February 22, 2000 | Removed Calendar Client feature | ||
| 4.73 | Netscape | May 5, 2000 | Added new 128-bit strong encryption | ||
| 4.74 | Netscape | July 22, 2000 | |||
| 4.75 | Netscape | September 17, 2000 | |||
| 4.76 | Netscape | October 25, 2000 | |||
| 4.77 | Netscape | April 16, 2001 | |||
| 4.78 | Netscape | July 20, 2001 | |||
| 4.79 | Netscape | November 10, 2001 | |||
| 4.8 | Netscape | August 22, 2002 | Final Communicator-based release | ||
| Netscape 5 |
|
PreAlpha1 | Netscape | Never released, didn't reach Alpha or Beta status | |
| PreAlpha2 | NSLayout | ||||
| Netscape 6 |
|
6.0 | Mozilla 0.6 | November 14, 2000 | First Netscape release based on pre-release Mozilla Application Suite. Included Sidebar, customisable installer size, integrated search, themes, privacy protection and multiple e-mail accounts. |
| 6.01 | Mozilla 0.7 | February 9, 2001 | |||
| 6.1 | Mozilla 0.9.2.1 | August 8, 2001 | Added new default interface, searching from location bar, Mac OS X support on preview release. | ||
| 6.2 | Mozilla 0.9.4.1 | October 30, 2001 | Improved QuickLaunch, AutoComplete. Full support for Mac OS X and Windows XP | ||
| 6.2.1 | Mozilla 0.9.4.1 | ||||
| 6.2.2 | Mozilla 0.9.4.1 | ||||
| 6.2.3 | Mozilla 0.9.4.1 | May 15, 2002 | |||
| Netscape 7 |
|
7.0 | Mozilla 1.0.1 | August 29, 2002 | Based on final Mozilla Suite releases. Added tabbed browsing, pop-up blocker, full-screen mode, download manager, P3P support. |
| 7.01 | Mozilla 1.0.2 | December 10, 2002 | |||
| 7.02 | Mozilla 1.0.2 | February 18, 2003 | Last release to support Mac OS 9. | ||
| 7.1 | Mozilla 1.4 | June 30, 2003 | Support Windows Media Player ActiveX control, web services by JavaScript API's. | ||
| 7.2 | Mozilla 1.7.2 | August 17, 2004 | Improved password manager, vCard support, Palm Sync. Added Netscape Toolbar and table editing in Composer. | ||
| Netscape Browser |
|
0.5.6 | Firefox 0.9.3 | November 30, 2004 | Stand-alone Windows-only browser based on Firefox, beta version. Uses both Gecko and Trident layout engines. Added site controls, multibar, password auto-fill, and advanced tabbed browsing controls. |
| 0.6.4 | Firefox 1.0 | January 7, 2005 | Pre-beta version | ||
| 0.9.4 | Firefox 1.0 | February 17, 2005 | Pre-beta version | ||
| 0.9.5 | Firefox 1.0 | February 23, 2005 | Pre-beta version | ||
| 0.9.6 | Firefox 1.0 | March 3, 2005 | Beta version | ||
| 8.0 | Firefox 1.0.3 | May 19, 2005 | Finished Netscape 8 release | ||
| 8.0.1 | Firefox 1.0.3 | May 19, 2005 | |||
| 8.0.2 | Firefox 1.0.4 | June 17, 2005 | |||
| 8.0.3.1 | Firefox 1.0.6 | July 25, 2005 | |||
| 8.0.3.3 | Firefox 1.0.6 | August 8, 2005 | |||
| 8.0.3.4 | Firefox 1.0.6 | August 17, 2005 | |||
| 8.0.4 | Firefox 1.0.7 | October 19, 2005 | |||
| 8.1 | Firefox 1.0.7 | January 25, 2006 | Added spyware and adware protection, new Dynamic Security Centre, profile manager, new options panel, and enhanced RSS controls. | ||
| 8.1.2 | Firefox 1.0.8 | September 27, 2006 | |||
| 8.1.3 | Firefox 1.0.8 | April 2, 2007 | Final Netscape 8 release | ||
| Netscape Navigator |
|
9.0b1 | Firefox 2.0.0.4 | June 15, 2007 | Stand-alone browser based on Mozilla Firefox 2, total re-write from Netscape 8.x. Gecko-only support. Added Netscape.com integration, enhanced FTP listing interface, customizable link-pad, multi-platform support, greater Firefox add-on compatibility, and new user interface. |
| 9.0b2 | Firefox 2.0.0.4 | July 12, 2007 | Added greater tabbed browsing options | ||
| 9.0b3 | Firefox 2.0.0.6 | August 15, 2007 | Removed Propeller integration. | ||
| 9.0rc1 | Firefox 2.0.0.6 | October 1, 2007 | Re-added optional splash screen | ||
| 9.0 | Firefox 2.0.0.7 | October 15, 2007 | Finished Navigator 9 release | ||
| 9.0.0.1 | Firefox 2.0.0.8 | October 22, 2007 | |||
| 9.0.0.2 | Firefox 2.0.0.8 | November 1, 2007 | |||
| 9.0.0.3 | Firefox 2.0.0.9 | November 2, 2007 | |||
| 9.0.0.4 | Firefox 2.0.0.10 | November 27, 2007 | |||
| 9.0.0.5 | Firefox 2.0.0.11 | December 11, 2007 | |||
| 9.0.0.6 | Firefox 2.0.0.12 | February 20, 2008 | Final version of Navigator 9. Support discontinued March 1, 2008. |
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